Investigators rely on memory as evidence, yet memory is vulnerable to distortion through post-event information and poorly framed questions. Research on the misinformation effect shows how leading questions, social influence, and timing can alter recall. Science-Based Interviewing (SBI) protects memory integrity by prioritizing early interviews, witness separation, free narratives, and the strategic use of evidence to gather accurate, reliable statement evidence.

Instructor-Led, Participant-Centered (ILPC) instruction is at the core of Insight & Integrity (IXI) workshops because it drives meaningful learning and long-term retention. Rather than relying on passive, lecture-based delivery, ILPC methods actively engage participants through discussion, practice, and real-world application. This approach aligns with learning science, strengthens listening and memory, and ensures skills are not just taught but retained, applied, and carried

The cognitive interview is a cornerstone of Science-Based Interviewing and modern investigative practice. Grounded in cognitive psychology, it improves memory recall by using open-ended questions, context reinstatement, and multiple retrieval pathways. Research shows it produces significantly more accurate information than traditional interviews, making it essential for law enforcement interview and interrogation training focused on reliability, ethics, and bias reduction.

The misinformation effect shows how easily memory can be altered by post-event information, language, and suggestion. Research by Elizabeth Loftus demonstrates why Investigative Interviewing must avoid leading questions, premature evidence disclosure, and interviewer opinions. Science-based investigative interviewing practices protect memory integrity, reduce contamination, and ensure statements remain reliable, corroborated, and defensible in court.