Investigative interviewing plays a significant role in the pursuit of truth and justice. According to the RAND Corporation interviews are the most vital investigation component. Interviews gather information, determine facts, solve conflicts, locate evidence, and ultimately, resolve cases. Key elements of effective investigative interviewing include establishing rapport and practicing active listening, both of which help build trust and facilitate open communication between the interviewer and the interviewee.
Rapport is the foundation on which all other meaningful conversation is built. According to researchers, rapport is a sense of connection, trust, and mutual understanding that develops between two or more individuals. In the context of investigative interviewing, rapport is crucial because it encourages the interviewee to be more open, honest, and cooperative. Establishing rapport early on in an interview can significantly enhance the quality and amount of the information gathered. After all, what is better, more information or less information?
When rapport is established, interviewees are more likely to feel at ease and share information that may be sensitive or difficult. Research has shown that rapport-based interviews are more effective in eliciting accurate information compared to interviews that employ coercive or manipulative techniques. Consequently, building rapport is essential for achieving the goals of investigative interviewing.
Active listening is the process of fully attending to, understanding, and responding to what another person is saying. Active listening is critical in investigative interviews as it demonstrates genuine interest in the interviewee's perspective and helps build rapport. It also enables interviewers to gather information more effectively by probing for clarification and encouraging further disclosure.
In investigative interviews, rapport and active listening are closely intertwined. Rapport creates a safe environment and builds a relationship that encourages open communication. Active listening demonstrates genuine interest and encourages the speaker to continue disclosing. Both must be utilized intentionally by the investigator. When both rapport and active listening are effectively employed, investigative interviews are more likely to yield accurate, detailed, and reliable information.
Investigative interviewing is an essential component of truth-seeking and justice. Establishing rapport and practicing active listening are two strategies that can help interviewers gain information from their subjects. Research has consistently demonstrated that rapport-based interviews, combined with active listening techniques, are more effective in eliciting accurate information compared to coercive or manipulative approaches. Whether you are a detective, corporate security, or human resources professional, great interviewers are intentional about their communication techniques.
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